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Coreceptor Tropism Can Be Influenced by Amino Acid Substitutions in the gp41 Transmembrane Subunit of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein▿

机译:人免疫缺陷病毒1型信封蛋白gp41跨膜亚基中的氨基酸取代可影响共感受器的取向▿

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摘要

Many studies have demonstrated that the third variable region (V3) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env) is a major determinant of coreceptor tropism. Other regions in the surface gp120 subunit of Env can modulate coreceptor tropism in a manner that is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of env determinants outside of V3 on coreceptor usage through the analysis of (i) patient-derived env clones that differ in coreceptor tropism, (ii) chimeric env sequences, and (iii) site-directed mutants. The introduction of distinct V3 sequences from CXCR4-using clones into an R5-tropic env backbone conferred the inefficient use of CXCR4 in some but not all cases. Conversely, in many cases, X4- and dual-tropic env backbones containing the V3 sequences of R5-tropic clones retained the ability to use CXCR4, suggesting that sequences outside of the V3 regions of these CXCR4-using clones were responsible for CXCR4 use. The determinants of CXCR4 use in a set of dual-tropic env sequences with V3 sequences identical to those of R5-tropic clones mapped to the gp41 transmembrane (TM) subunit. In one case, a single-amino-acid substitution in the fusion peptide of TM was able to confer CXCR4 use; however, TM substitutions associated with CXCR4 use varied among different env sequences. These results demonstrate that sequences in TM can modulate coreceptor specificity and that env sequences other than that of V3 may facilitate efficient CXCR4-mediated entry. We hypothesize that the latter plays an important role in the transition from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor use.
机译:许多研究表明,人类1型免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)包膜蛋白(Env)的第三个可变区(V3)是共感受器趋向性的主要决定因素。 Env的表面gp120亚基中的其他区域可能以一种尚未完全了解的方式调节共受体的向性。在这项研究中,我们通过分析(i)共受体亲和力不同的患者来源的env克隆,(ii)嵌合env序列和(iii)定点突变体,分析了V3以外的env决定簇对共受体的使用的影响。 。将来自使用CXCR4的克隆的独特V3序列引入R5嗜性env骨架,在某些但不是全部情况下,都会导致CXCR4的使用效率低下。相反,在许多情况下,包含R5嗜性克隆的V3序列的X4和双向热带env骨架保留了使用CXCR4的能力,这表明使用这些CXCR4的克隆的V3区域之外的序列负责CXCR4的使用。 CXCR4的决定因素在一组双亲性env序列中使用,其V3序列与映射到gp41跨膜(TM)亚基的R5嗜性克隆的V3序列相同。在一种情况下,TM的融合肽中的单个氨基酸取代能够赋予CXCR4使用。但是,与CXCR4使用相关的TM替代在不同的env序列之间有所不同。这些结果表明,TM中的序列可调节共受体特异性,而V3以外的env序列可促进有效的CXCR4介导的进入。我们假设后者在从CCR5到CXCR4共受体使用的过渡中起重要作用。

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